The blood from this region is drained by the pharyngeal venous plexus which ends in the internal jugular vein. The majority of the superior pharyngeal constrictor is supplied from the pharyngeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery, while the smaller part of the muscle receives blood through the tonsillar branch of facial artery. The superior pharyngeal constrictor receives innervation from the pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve, via the pharyngeal plexus. Together with the buccopharyngeal fascia, it makes the lateral border of peritonsillar space, a potential space surrounding the palatine tonsils. It makes the medial border of the parapharyngeal space, a potential space above the hyoid bone. The superior pharyngeal constrictor bounds important features of the neck compartment. The superior constrictor is covered by the buccopharyngeal fascia which separates it from the retropharyngeal space located posteriorly. The pharyngeal artery passes on the superior border of the muscle, while the tonsillar artery penetrates the superior constrictor of the pharynx at the upper border of styloglossus muscle. The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle further divides into two muscles. The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is an unusual skeletal muscle in that it is very dynamic and complex in function. Respiratory-related electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superior pharyngeal constrictor (SPC) muscle was analyzed during the early stage of forced breathing. The inferior part of the muscle is separated from the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle by a small space that contains stylopharyngeus muscle and the glossopharyngeal nerve. The superior pharyngeal constrictor contract to narrow its lumen to assist. The slit that contains levator veli palatini muscle, the pharyngotympanic tube and an upward projection of pharyngobasilar fascia separates the superior border of the superior constrictor muscle from the base of the skull. The superior constrictor muscle is located anterior to the prevertebral muscles and posterior to the buccinator muscle, from which it is separated by the pterygomandibular raphe. It is attached superiorly to the pterygoid hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and inferiorly to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible. Pharyngeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery, tonsillar branch of facial artery The pterygomandibular raphe ( pterygomandibular ligament) is a ligamentous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia. Pharyngeal tubercle on basilar part of occipital boneĬonstricts wall of pharynx during swallowing Pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, posterior end of mylohyoid line of mandible, the tongue Key facts about the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle This article will discuss the anatomy and function of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. This muscle has a complex morphology, as it consists of four parts Īpart from its role in deglutition, the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is an important anatomical landmark bounding some of the main compartments of the neck, such as peritonsillar and parapharyngeal space. The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is one of three pharyngeal constrictor muscles whose main function is to facilitate the process of deglutition. Two tasks, production of the work /hok/ in which the phoneme /k/ was stressed, and a "modified Valsalva," which was actually a hard /k/ held for several seconds, produced the next greatest level of EMG.Superior pharyngeal constrictor (musculus constrictor pharyngis superior) Swallowing produced the greatest amount of activity and a gag produced about 60% of the activity produced by the swallow. There was a general trend in the amplitude of EMG activity in relationship to task. The superior pharyngeal contrictor was found to be a muscle activated primarily during reflexive activity. The largest values were recorded in the lateral-superior placement, followed by the lateral-inferior, medial-inferior and medial-superior. The magnitude of the EMG activity was related to the location of the electrodes. An ANOVA was performed and a linear model was estimated. The resulting number was then transformed by taking its natural logarithm. The electromyogram (EMG) was rectified and integrated. Each subject performed two reflexive tasks, six voluntary tasks requiring phonation, and four nonspeech voluntary tasks. Bipolar hooked wire electrodes were inserted in the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle of 15 healthy subjects. The purpose of this investigation was to determine, in a quantitative manner, which, if any, nonswallowing tasks produce significant levels of activation in the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle of normal human subjects.
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